1.1 在本指南中，建立了记录严重事故和死亡（SIF）事件的标准，而不是指南中涵盖的与工作相关的SIF伤害和疾病 E2920 记录和比较这些事件有助于持续改进管理系统；识别和预防严重事故；衡量组织绩效；评估安全、环境保护和业务连续性计划；并确保国际比较和基准的一致性。该测量系统旨在精确、准确、抗篡改、对安全评估有意义，并适用于全球问责。 1.2 目标: 1.2.1 建立规范、客观的严重事件记录框架， 1.2.2 促进使用严重事件率作为评估旨在控制此类事件的计划的手段，以及 1.2.3 为跨行业和国家的严重事件发生率进行有意义的比较提供基础。 1.3 本指南概述了维护严重事故记录所需的定义和程序。 1.4 本指南的主要内容包括: 1.4.1 定义严重事件事件， 1.4.2 对严重事故事件的严重程度进行分类，以及 1.4.3 指定计算严重事故发生率的方法。 1.5 单位- 以英寸-磅单位表示的值应被视为标准。括号中给出的值是对SI单位的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准。 1.6 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ======意义和用途====== 4.1 在本指南中，以清晰、可测量的方式定义了重大非伤害事件，以促进各国的一致应用。本指南可在ISO 45001、ISO 45004、ANSI/ASSP Z10.0和ANSI/ASSP Z16.1等职业健康和安全管理体系标准的实施过程中使用。收集的数据将支持管理体系和计划的评估、比较和持续改进，重点关注工人安全和健康、环境保护和运营稳定性，包括识别和预防严重事件。虽然事件的严重程度可能有所不同，但主要目标是识别有可能造成严重后果的病例，为预防提供有价值的见解。由此产生的数据和发病率将有助于更一致的全球基准。已建立以下级别和相关标准对事故进行分类: 4.1.1 aSIF事件（可基准）- aSIF事件导致致命能量的释放，对环境产生重大影响，或导致运营中断。这种级别的事件被设计为可基准化的，这意味着它是结构化和标准化的，以实现跨组织、行业和时间段的有意义的比较。 4.1.2 pSIF事件- pSIF事件未导致本指南中定义的aSIF事件。然而，如果没有具体的保障措施或对策，它们被确定有可能导致致命能量的释放、对环境的影响或导致业务中断。 4.1.2.1 识别和解决pSIF事件使组织能够通过在危害导致不可逆转的影响或伤害之前关注危害来主动预防严重事件。鼓励识别和报告PSIF对于提高工作场所安全、环境保护和运营稳定性至关重要。 4.1.2.2 pSIF识别支持有效评估安全措施是否得到正确实施和遵循。评估pSIF事件潜在影响的一个关键原则是确定安全措施是否到位并有效减轻了事件的严重性，从而有可能防止其升级为aSIF事件。4.1.2.3 理想的条件是，通过有针对性的、正确安装的和经过验证的安全措施，即使在发生人为错误的情况下，也能消除或减轻有害暴露，从而保护工人、环境、资产和公众免受有害能源的影响。由于保障措施的成功实施是可以观察到的，因此应查明和分析此类案例，以评估保障措施是否充分和得到良好维护。 4.1.2.4 如果安全措施缺失、无效、未遵循或未能按预期执行，导致严重伤害或死亡的风险未得到解决，则应采取纠正措施以防止未来发生。 4.1.3 监管事件- 通常需要记录这些事件，以确保遵守不同司法管辖区的相关国家、州、省或地方法律法规。虽然根据本指南，报告这些案件不是强制性的，但在许多司法管辖区，报告可能仍然是强制性的。 4.1.4 严重事故或死亡风险 风险 )— 此级别不涉及实际事件。相反，它捕获由系统和过程产生的条件或约束，这些条件或约束可能具有导致aSIF的能量或潜力。SIF 风险 如果允许继续，最终会导致严重或致命的伤害/疾病。评估已识别的SIF风险对于预防未来的SIF事件至关重要。 4.2 结合伤害分类标准应用本指南: 4.2.1 SIF事件标准与伤害分类标准（如指南）的结合应用 E2920 ，无意从单个事件或事件创建重复案例。有理由预测会有导致aSIF或pSIF伤害病例的事件，并导致aSIF或pSIF事件。这些事件可能包括: 4.2.1.1 符合aSIF事故定义并导致一人或多人pSIF伤害的火灾事件， 4.2.1.2 符合pSIF事故定义并导致一次或多次aSIF伤害的化学品释放（指南 E2920 一级或二级伤害），或 4.2.1.3 事件结局的其他类似组合。 4.2.2 为了记录导致SIF事件和SIF损伤病例的事件分类，提供了以下记录指南: 4.2.2.1 记录单个事件的每个影响，如伤害、资产损坏、环境损坏和运营损失。选择适用于事件的所有影响类别。4.2.2.2 或者，如果您组织的管理系统不允许记录单个事件的多个影响: (1) 如果事件在一个基准病例和一个非基准病例中有结果，则根据基准标准（伤害或事故）记录该病例。 (2) 如果事件导致一个以上的基准案例（即，如果事件涉及一个或多个指南 E2920 一级或二级伤害），记录对基准测试更重要的结果。

1.1 In this guide, criteria are established for recording serious incident and fatality (SIF) events other than work-related SIF injuries and illnesses covered in Guide E2920 . Recording and comparing these incidents can aid in continuously improving management systems; identifying and preventing serious incidents; measuring organizational performance; evaluating safety, environmental protection, and business continuity programs; and ensuring consistency in international comparisons and benchmarking. The measurement system is intended to be precise, accurate, resistant to manipulation, meaningful for safety evaluations, and suitable for global accountability. 1.2 Objectives: 1.2.1 Establish a standardized and objective framework for recording serious incidents, 1.2.2 Facilitate the use of serious event rates as a means of evaluating programs designed to control such events, and 1.2.3 Provide a foundation for meaningful comparison of serious event rates across industries and countries. 1.3 This guide outlines the definitions and procedures necessary to maintain records of serious incidents. 1.4 Key elements of this guide include: 1.4.1 Defining serious incident events, 1.4.2 Categorizing severity levels of serious incident events, and 1.4.3 Specifying methods for calculating serious incident event rates. 1.5 Units— The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 In this guide, significant non-injury events are defined in a clear, measurable manner to facilitate consistent application across countries. This guide can be used during implementation of occupational health and safety management systems standards such as ISO 45001, ISO 45004, ANSI/ASSP Z10.0, and ANSI/ASSP Z16.1. The collected data will support the evaluation, comparison, and continuous improvement of management systems and programs focused on worker safety and health, environmental protection, and operational stability, including the identification and prevention of serious events. While events may vary in severity, the primary objective is to identify cases with the potential for severe consequences, offering valuable insights for prevention. The resulting data and incidence rates will contribute to more consistent global benchmarking. The following levels and associated criteria have been established to classify incidents: 4.1.1 aSIF Incident (Benchmarkable)— An aSIF incident resulted in the release of lethal energy, had significant impact to the environment, or resulted in operational disruptions. This level of incident is designed to be benchmarkable, meaning it is structured and standardized to enable meaningful comparisons across organizations, industries, and time periods. 4.1.2 pSIF Incident— pSIF incidents have not resulted in an aSIF incident as defined in this guide. However, they are determined to have the potential to result in the release of lethal energy, impacts to the environment, or result in business disruption were it not for specific safeguards or countermeasures. 4.1.2.1 Identifying and addressing pSIF incidents enables organizations to prevent serious incidents proactively by focusing on hazards before they lead to irreversible impacts or harm. Encouraging the identification and reporting of pSIFs is essential to improving workplace safety, environmental protection, and operational stability. 4.1.2.2 pSIF identification supports the effective assessment of whether safeguards are properly implemented and followed. A key principle in evaluating the potential impact of a pSIF incident is determining whether safeguards were in place and effectively mitigated the severity of the event potentially preventing it from escalating into an aSIF incident. 4.1.2.3 The ideal condition is one in which workers, the environment, assets, and the public are protected from hazardous energy through targeted, properly installed, and verified safeguards that eliminate or mitigate harmful exposure, even in cases in which human error occurs. Since successful safeguard implementation is observable, such cases should be identified and analyzed to assess whether the safeguards are adequate and well maintained. 4.1.2.4 If safeguards are absent, ineffective, not followed, or fail to perform as intended leaving the risk of serious injury or fatality unaddressed, corrective actions shall be taken to prevent future occurrences. 4.1.3 Regulatory Incidents— These incidents are typically required to be recorded to ensure compliance with relevant national, state, provincial, or local laws and regulations across various jurisdictions. While reporting these cases is not mandatory under this guide, it is likely to remain compulsory in many jurisdictions. 4.1.4 Serious Incident or Fatality Risk (SIF Risk )— This level does not involve an actual incident. Instead, it captures conditions or constraints created by systems and processes that are likely to have the energy or potential to result in an aSIF. SIF Risk will eventually result in a serious or fatal injury/illness if allowed to continue. Evaluating identified SIF risks is crucial for preventing future SIF incidents. 4.2 Applying This Guide in Conjunction with Injury Classification Standards: 4.2.1 The application of the SIF incident standard in conjunction with injury classification standards, such as Guide E2920 , is not intended to create duplicate cases from a single incident or event. It is reasonable to predict that there will be incidents that result in both aSIF or pSIF injury cases and result in aSIF or pSIF incidents. These events could include: 4.2.1.1 A fire event that meets the aSIF incident definition and resulted in one or more pSIF injuries, 4.2.1.2 A chemical release that meets the pSIF incident definition and resulted in one or more aSIF injuries (Guide E2920 Level One or Level Two injuries), or 4.2.1.3 Other similar combinations of event outcomes. 4.2.2 For recording the classification of events that result in both SIF incident and SIF injury cases, the following recording guidance is provided: 4.2.2.1 Record each impact from the single event, such as injuries, asset damage, environmental damage, and operational loss. Select all impact categories that apply to the event. 4.2.2.2 Alternatively, if your organization’s management system does not allow for recording multiple impacts from a single event: (1) If the event has results in one benchmarkable case and one non-benchmarkable case, record the case under the benchmarkable criteria (either for injury or incident). (2) If the event results in more than one benchmarkable case (that is, aSIF incident with one or more Guide E2920 Level One or Level Two injuries), record the outcome that is more significant for benchmarking purposes.