1.1 本指南为人类提供了现场风险管理筛选框架 使用 的: (1) 不活跃的固体废物处置场、不规范的固体废物处置场 以及受化学物质释放影响但目前不在环境监管机构清理计划范围内的场所； (2) 网站 人为背景 浓度 关注化学品 ;和 (3) 有化学污染物的场所。这些站点可能未被充分利用或常规使用，例如，行人、娱乐、重复娱乐或单一事件站点。 1.2 本指南提供了评估和判断可接受性的说明 有益的 用途（ 主动和被动娱乐 ）对于一个 不活跃或不受管制的固体废物处置场或受化学影响的场地 . 1.3 本指南可与ASTM的环境风险管理和气候利益相关者参与标准指南（ E3356 ）关于社区参与活动；参见指南第6节 E3356 了解更多信息。 1.4 本指南不应被用作避免、最小化或延迟实施法律或法规要求的特定清理活动的理由。 1.5 本指南不得用于出于所有权转让的目的描述（即环境评估）场地。 1.6 本指南的用户做出的专业判断仅适用于特定地点、特定日期和时间，并不保证其他情况下的安全条件。某一地点可能存在显著的环境暴露条件，但本指南或 环境专业人员 谁领导了风险筛查评估，或者该条件是在评估后引入的。一个地点的风险筛选评估 环境专业人员 并非旨在详尽无遗；可能存在通过合理的研究中心表征工作可能不明显的重要未知条件。使用通过使用本指南生成的最终报告的人员应注意了解 项目技术总结及风险评估筛选 形式在 附录X1 . 1.7 本指南的用户应遵守所有要求和/或与保护人类健康相关的适用的联邦、部落、州和地方法规和条例。这包括但不限于与使用 不活跃或不受管制的固体废物处置场 或者一个 化学影响部位 、周围社区和/或参与管理或监督的公共部门和私营部门人员 不活跃或不受管制的固体废物处置场或受化学影响的场地 . 1.8 本指南由以下部分组成:参考文档；术语；意义和用途；规划和范围界定；背景研究和访谈；实地考察；记录分析；概念站点模型；风险评估筛查；和 附录X1 、示例项目技术总结和风险评估筛选表。 1.9 一个 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。1.10 一个 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ======意义和用途====== 4.1 一个 目的 本指南提供了筛选风险评估流程，用于评估 场地使用 四类活动 不活跃和不受监管的固体废物处置场 和受化学影响的部位。The 场地使用 活动包括: (1) 积极娱乐；和 (2) 被动娱乐。娱乐带来了潜在的问题，不仅因为它可能导致摄入或吸入污染物，还因为弱势群体可能面临更大的接触风险。这些使用活动的更详细描述如下。 4.1.1 一个 积极的娱乐 使用 不活跃和不受管制的固体废物处置场/受化学影响的场地 身体接触和意外摄入和吸入的可能性 表层土壤 由于运动的性质（例如，足球、棒球、橄榄球、英式足球）。请注意，在人造草皮上进行的积极运动不是 积极的 娱乐的 用途 在这一定义中，由于重点是人类潜在的接触 关注化学品 在 表层土壤 而不是活动本身。 4.1.2 一个 被动娱乐 使用 不活动的 和 不受管制的固体废物处置场/化学 身体接触和摄入的受影响部位 表层土壤 可能但不太可能（例如，骑自行车、散步、观鸟、音乐或文化节）。4.2 一个 监管背景 本指南不能取代联邦、部落、州或地方法规。 4.2.1 用户负责确定监管环境以及相关的约束和义务 不活跃和不受管制的固体废物处置场/受化学影响的场地 并应遵守所有 已建立 适用的法律和法规，包括CERCLA、RCRA、TSCA以及其他环境法、部落法规和市政法规，用于使用场地进行主动或被动娱乐。典型的 不活跃和不受管制的固体废物处置场/受化学影响的场地 本指南旨在用于那些目前（并且预计将来也不会）在监管机构赞助计划范围内的项目（参见 4.3 ). 4.2.2 用户应遵守适用的联邦职业安全与健康法案(OSHA)工人知情权法的健康与安全要求以及 适用的地方、州或部落（监管机构）组织 . 4.2.3 承认部落主权和部落环境计划。正如EPA的™中所讨论的 与印第安部落的协商 （2023）许多部落都有环境计划、狩猎和鱼类以及自然资源计划、棕色地带协调员和部落应对计划，对于影响部落土地的项目（可能包括割让的领土、分配地和“印第安国家”的其他部分），应咨询这些计划。保留地）。部落对保留地外的文化遗址拥有各种权利，即使在他们目前没有保留地的州也是如此。4.3 一个 指南的使用 监管机构 可将本指南全部或部分纳入一般指导文件或特定研究中心的监管文件。本指南也可纳入与风险管理相关的补充标准、指南或合同协议中 不活跃和不受管制的固体废物处置场/受化学影响的场地 . 4.4 一个 使用本指南的限制: 4.4.1 本指南需要最少的站点特征。现场筛选的结果 风险管理流程 不得用于支持或鼓励将该场地用于社区花园或食品或作物的生长和生产。 4.4.1.1 ●在评估暴露情景时， 环境专业人员 应考虑该财产的文化用途，可能包括摄入湿地植物、额外接触以及由于其性质而可能吸入或摄入表层土壤 积极娱乐 . 4.4.2 本指南的使用仅限于开阔地带。本指南不适用于有可能被人类使用或占用的建筑物或构筑物的土地。 4.4.2.1 室内空气质量评估和蒸汽侵入评估需要的采样和分析超出了本指南的范围。 4.4.3 本指南仅限于筛查与接触、摄入和吸入有关的风险 表层土壤 本指南不涉及渗滤液、雨水径流或以下材料的接触或管理 表层土壤 . 4.4.3.1 根据记录审查， 环境专业人员 可能确定需要对垃圾填埋气体排放进行采样，以评估与吸入垃圾填埋气体或从垃圾填埋场迁移到邻近地区相关的风险。4.4.4 本指南不得用于出于所有权转让的目的描述（即环境评估）场地。 附注1: 一个 请参阅EPA的™所有适当调查规则（ 40 CFR 312 ）不动产转让环境现场评估的最低要求。 4.4.5 本指南不适用于受RCRA副标题D监管和许可的固体废物处置场（ 40 CFR 239-258 ），或同等的州、部落或城市固体废物管理计划。 4.5 一个 专业判断 本指南假定 环境专业人员 谁在进行人类健康风险评估筛选评估方面有知识 有益用途 在安 不活跃和不受管制的固体废物处置场/受化学影响的场地 ，包括那些有社区参与和 环境正义 顾虑。The 环境专业人员 必须在她/他的专业领域是最新的（即是合格的专业人员），具有人类方面的经验 暴露评估 . 4.6 一个 消除不确定性 专业判断、解释和一定程度的不确定性是本文所述筛选过程的使用中固有的，即使决策是基于客观科学原理和公认的行业实践。此外，对于这个不断发展的领域，新的方法正在不断开发。 4.6.1 本指南中描述的人类健康风险筛查评估流程不能替代严格的风险评估，该评估适用于在联邦（CERCLA、RCRA、TSCA）、部落或州支持下进行修复的场地的表征和再开发污染场地修复和再开发计划。4.6.2 已完成 估计风险管理中心评价 可能会根据额外的使用和维护进行修改 工程控制或机构控制 防止或最大限度地减少人类接触 关注化学品 通过渲染 暴露途径 未完成的。 4.7 一个 流程入口 本指南可在任何阶段或在发现 不活跃和不受管制的固体废物 处置场/受化学影响的场地 具有未知的环境损害条件。 4.8 一个 流程报告和文档 用户应决定（与相关人员协调） 持份者 ）在规划和范围界定期间何时进行现场评估、报告和记录，第节 5 . 4.8.1 阿德巴约 环境专业人员 应记录构成风险评估过程基础的暴露假设。4.9 一个 流程概述 启动时，用户应查看:章节 3 、术语；然后继续到第节 4 、意义和用途；部分 5 、规划和范围界定；部分 6 、背景研究和访谈；部分 7 、现场考察；部分 8 、记录分析；部分 9 、概念站点模型开发；和部分 10 、风险评估。 4.9.1 部分 5 、规划和范围界定，描述了 项目组 方法（见 3.1.25 ）实施本指南，包括但不限于: （a） 选择 不活跃或不受管制的废物处置场/受化学影响的场地 ; （b） 选择所需的 场地使用 并对环境状况进行尽职评估；(c)就下列事项征求同意 环境专业人士™ 建议的方法 利益相关者 及社区参与会议（见 E3356 ). 环境专业人士 编制项目技术总结和风险评估筛选表 附录X1 . 4.9.2 部分 6 、背景研究和访谈，描述了公共记录 项目组 必须收集、组装和审查，以及进行访谈以确定过去的使用情况 不活跃或不受管制的废物处置场/受化学影响的场地 . 4.9.3 部分 7 、现场访问、 环境专业人员 可在进行面谈的同时进行现场访问（见 6 ).现场访视的目的是确认: 4.9.3.1 一个 工程控制 ，如有必要，渲染 暴露途径 不完整，正在按预期运行。 4.9.3.2 计划中的 有益用途 不会对人类健康构成不可接受的风险。 4.9.3.3 当前场地使用情况以及拟议或计划 有益用途 不代表 对人类健康、公共安全或福利构成迫在眉睫的威胁 . 4.9.4 部分 8 记录分析是 环境专业人员 ，基于他/她对第节中检索和评估的记录的审查 6 以及进行的访谈，确定现场是否以及何时发生固体废物处置活动，以及处置的固体废物类型（例如，C&D碎片、矿渣、铸造废物、燃煤副产品、风暴相关碎片、疏浚弃土等）。 4.9.5 部分 9 ，概念站点模型，需要 环境专业人士™ 概念站点模型（CSM）的开发。CSM是物理和环境背景的综合表示 暴露场景 、完整和潜在完整 暴露途径 ，以及潜在的命运和运输 关注化学品 在一个地点。基于CSM， 环境专业人员 将得出结论是否完成 暴露途径 都在现场。 4.9.6 部分 10 、筛选风险评估，如果CSM确认存在完整的 暴露途径 ，该 环境专业人员 应编制人体健康筛查风险评估。使用有关现场关注化学品、完整暴露途径的存在以及员工、供应商和现场访客的预期暴露持续时间的信息， 环境专业人员 确定暴露风险是否可接受。4.9.6.1 风险评估基于一般人群，但应考虑弱势人群。 (1) -见 10.2.3 解决青年接触问题的进程 4.9.6.2 阿德巴约 环境专业人员 基于站点的位置，以及 监管机构 对现场有管辖权，确定适用的限制使用浓度 关注化学品 在 表层土壤 ，或 位点特异性目标水平（SSTL） 必须开发和应用。这些决定的理由应纳入 已完成估计风险管理研究中心评价 SSTL的使用可以是 技术政策决策 . 4.10 用户负责通知 监管机构 如果在现场收集的样品的分析数据表明 关注化学品 在 表层土壤 超过报告阈值。

1.1 This guide provides a site risk management screening framework for the human use of: (1) inactive solid waste disposal sites, unregulated solid waste disposal sites , and sites impacted by chemical releases that are not currently within an environmental regulatory agency cleanup program; (2) sites with anthropogenic background concentrations of chemicals of concern ; and (3) sites that have chemical contaminants. These sites may be underutilized or routinely used, for example, pedestrian, recreational, repetitive entertainment, or single event sites. 1.2 This guide provides instruction on evaluating and judging the acceptability of beneficial uses ( active and passive recreation ) for an inactive or unregulated solid waste disposal site or chemically impacted site . 1.3 This guide may be implemented in conjunction with ASTM's Standard Guide for Stakeholder Engagement on Environmental Risk Management and Climate ( E3356 ) with respect to community engagement activities; see Section 6 of Guide E3356 for more information. 1.4 This guide should not be used as a justification to avoid, minimize, or delay implementation of specific cleanup activities as required by law or regulation. 1.5 This guide may not be used to characterize (that is, environmentally assess) a site for the purpose of ownership transfer. 1.6 Users of this guide make professional judgments that only apply to a particular site, at a particular date and time, and do not warrant safe conditions otherwise. It is possible that a significant environmental exposure condition exists at a site but was missed by the user of this guide or the Environmental Professional who led the risk screening evaluation, or that the condition was introduced subsequent to the evaluation. The risk screening evaluation of a site by an Environmental Professional is not intended to be exhaustive; there may be significant unknown conditions that may not be apparent through reasonable site characterization efforts. Those who use the final reports generated through the use of this guide are cautioned to understand the limits described in the Project Technical Summary and Risk Assessment Screening form in Appendix X1 . 1.7 Users of this guide should comply with all applicable federal, Tribal, state, and local statutes and regulations requiring and/or relating to protection of human health. This includes, and is not limited to, laws and regulations relating to health and safety of the people using an inactive or unregulated solid waste disposal site or a chemically impacted site , the surrounding community, and/or public sector and private sector personnel who are involved in the management or oversight of inactive or unregulated solid waste disposal site or chemically impacted sites . 1.8 This guide is composed of the following sections: Referenced Documents; Terminology; Significance and Use; Planning and Scoping; Background Research and Interviews; Site Visit; Records Analysis; Conceptual Site Model; Risk Assessment Screening; and Appendix X1 , Example Project Technical Summary and Risk Assessment Screening Form. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Purpose— This guide provides a screening risk assessment process for evaluating site use activities at four types of inactive and unregulated solid waste disposal sites and chemically impacted sites. The site use activities include: (1) Active Recreation; and (2) Passive Recreation. Recreation poses potential concerns not only because it can result in ingestion or inhalation of contaminants, but because vulnerable populations may be at greater risk to exposure. More detailed descriptions of these use activities follow. 4.1.1 Active Recreation— Use of an inactive and unregulated solid waste disposal site/chemically impacted site where the likelihood of physical contact with and accidental ingestion and inhalation of surficial soil is high, due to the nature of the sport (for example, football, baseball, rugby, soccer). Note that active sports played on synthetic turf are not active recreational uses in this definition, as the focus is on potential human exposure to chemicals of concern in surficial soil and not on the activity, per se. 4.1.2 Passive Recreation— Use of an inactive and unregulated solid waste disposal site/ chemically impacted site where physical contact with and ingestion of surficial soil is possible but unlikely (for example, biking, walking, bird watching, music or cultural festival). 4.2 Regulatory Context— This guide does not supersede federal, Tribal, State, or local regulations. 4.2.1 The user is responsible for determining the regulatory context and associated constraints and obligations at an inactive and unregulated solid waste disposal site/ chemically impacted site and should comply with all established applicable laws and regulations, including CERCLA, RCRA, TSCA, and other environmental laws, Tribal regulations, and municipal codes in the use of the site for active or passive recreation. The typical inactive and unregulated solid waste disposal site/ chemically impacted site for which this guide is intended to be used are ones that are not currently (and not anticipated to be in the future) within the auspices a regulatory agency program (see 4.3 ). 4.2.2 The user should comply with health and safety requirements under the applicable federal Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) worker right-to-know laws and parallel requirements of applicable local, State, or tribal (regulatory agency) organizations . 4.2.3 Recognition of Tribal Sovereignty and Tribal Environmental Programs. As discussed in EPA’s Consultation with Indian Tribes (2023) many tribes have environmental programs, game and fish and natural resources programs, brownfields coordinators and Tribal Response Programs that should be consulted for projects impinging on tribal lands (which can include ceded territories, allotments, and other parts of “Indian Country” off reservation). Tribes have various rights with regards to cultural sites off reservation, even in states where they do not currently have reservations. 4.3 Use of Guide— Regulatory agencies may incorporate this guide, in whole or in part, into general guidance documents or site-specific regulatory documents. This guide may also be integrated into complementary standards, guidelines, or contractual agreements, relating to the risk management of inactive and unregulated solid waste disposal sites/ chemically impacted sites . 4.4 Limitations on the use of this Guide: 4.4.1 This guide entails minimal site characterization. The results of the site screening risk management process shall not be used to support or encourage the use of the site for community gardens or the growth and production of food or crops. 4.4.1.1 When evaluating exposure scenarios, the environmental professional should consider cultural uses of the property that may include ingestion of wetland plants, additional contact and potential inhalation or ingestion of surficial soils due to the nature of active recreation . 4.4.2 Use of this guide is restricted to open land. This guide is not applicable to land with buildings or structures which may be subject to human use or occupation. 4.4.2.1 Indoor air quality assessments and vapor intrusion assessments require sampling and analyses that are beyond the scope of this guide. 4.4.3 This guide is limited to screening risks associated with contact, ingestion, and inhalation of surficial soil . The guide does not address contact or management of leachate, stormwater runoff, or materials below surficial soil . 4.4.3.1 Based upon the records review, the environmental professional may determine that sampling for emissions of landfill gases is required to assess the risks associated with inhalation of landfill gases or migration from the landfill to neighboring areas. 4.4.4 This guide may not be used to characterize (that is, environmentally assess) a site for the purpose of ownership transfer. Note 1: See EPA’s All Appropriate Inquiries Rule ( 40 CFR 312 ) for the minimum requirements of environmental site assessments for transfers of real property. 4.4.5 This guide is not applicable to solid waste disposal sites subject to regulation and permitting under RCRA Subtitle D ( 40 CFR 239-258 ), or equivalent state, Tribal, or municipal solid waste management programs. 4.5 Professional Judgment— This guide presumes the active involvement of an Environmental Professional who is knowledgeable in performing a human health risk assessment screening evaluation for specific beneficial uses at an inactive and unregulated solid waste disposal site/ chemically impacted site , including those with community engagement and Environmental Justice concerns. The Environmental Professional must be current (that is, is a qualified professional) in her/his field of expertise, with experience in human exposure assessment . 4.6 Elimination of Uncertainty— Professional judgment, interpretation, and some degree of uncertainty are inherent in the use of the screening processes described herein, even when decisions are based upon objective scientific principles and accepted industry practices. In addition, new methods are continually being developed for this evolving field. 4.6.1 The human health risk screening estimation process described in this guide is not a substitute for rigorous risk assessments that applies to the characterization and redevelopment of sites being remediated under the auspices of federal (CERCLA, RCRA, TSCA), Tribal, or state contaminated site remediation and redevelopment programs. 4.6.2 The completed estimated risk management site evaluation may be revised based upon the use and maintenance of additional engineering controls or institutional controls that prevent or minimize human exposures to chemicals of concern by rendering exposure pathways incomplete. 4.7 Process Entry— This guide may be initiated at any stage or upon discovery of an inactive and unregulated solid waste disposal sites/ chemically impacted site with unknown environmental impairment conditions. 4.8 Process Reporting and Documentation— The user should decide (in coordination with relevant stakeholders ) when site evaluations, reporting, and documentation will occur during Planning and Scoping, Section 5 . 4.8.1 The environmental professional is expected to document the exposure assumptions that form the basis for the risk assessment process. 4.9 Process Overview— At initiation, the user should review: Section 3 , Terminology; and then proceed to Section 4 , Significance and Use; Section 5 , Planning and Scoping; Section 6 , Background Research and Interviews; Section 7 , Site Visit; Section 8 , Records Analysis; Section 9 , Conceptual Site Model Development; and Section 10 , Risk Assessment. 4.9.1 Section 5 , Planning and Scoping, describes the Project Team approach (see 3.1.25 ) for implementing this guide, including but not limited to: (a) selecting the inactive or unregulated waste disposal site / chemically impacted site ; (b) selecting a desired site use and making a due diligence assessment of environmental conditions; (c) soliciting concurrence for the Environmental Professional’s proposed approach at a stakeholder and community engagement meeting (see Section 6 of E3356 ). The Environmental Professional prepares the Project Technical Summary and Risk Assessment Screening Form in Appendix X1 . 4.9.2 Section 6 , Background Research and Interviews, describes the public records that the project team must gather, assemble and review, as well as interviews to be conducted to determine the past uses of the inactive or unregulated waste disposal site / chemically impacted site . 4.9.3 Section 7 , Site Visit, the Environmental Professional may conduct the site visit at the same time he/she is conducting interviews (see Section 6 ). The purpose of the site visit is to confirm that: 4.9.3.1 Engineering controls , if necessary to render exposure pathways incomplete, are functioning as intended. 4.9.3.2 The planned beneficial use does not represent an unacceptable risk to human health. 4.9.3.3 The current site use and proposed or planned beneficial uses do not represent an imminent threat to human health, public safety, or welfare . 4.9.4 Section 8 , Record Analysis is the process by which the environmental professional , based upon his/her review of the records retrieved and assessed in Section 6 , and the interviews conducted, determines if and when solid waste disposal activities occurred at the site and the type(s) of solid waste that were disposed of (for example, C&D debris, slag, foundry wastes, coal combustion by-products, storm-related debris, dredge spoils, etc.). 4.9.5 Section 9 , Conceptual Site Model, entails the environmental professional’s development of the conceptual site model (CSM). The CSM is an integrated representation of the physical and environmental context, the exposure scenarios , the complete and potentially complete exposure pathways , and the potential fate and transport of chemical(s) of concern at a site. Based upon the CSM, the environmental professional will conclude whether or not complete exposure pathways are present at the site. 4.9.6 Section 10 , Screening Risk Assessment, if the CSM confirms the presence of complete exposure pathways , the environmental professional shall prepare a human health screening risk assessment. Using information about the chemicals of concern at the site, presence of complete exposure pathways, and expected exposure durations for employees, vendors, and visitors to the site, the environmental professional determines if the exposure risks are acceptable. 4.9.6.1 The risk assessment is based upon the general population, but should take into account vulnerable populations. (1) See 10.2.3 for the process to address youth exposures 4.9.6.2 The Environmental Professional , based upon the location of the site, and the regulatory agency having jurisdiction over the site, identifies the applicable restricted use concentration of chemicals of concern in the surficial soil , or Site-Specific Target Levels (SSTLs) must be developed and applied. The rationale for those decisions should be incorporated in to the completed estimated risk management site evaluation . The use of SSTLs may be a technical policy decision . 4.10 The user is responsible for notifying the regulatory agency having jurisdiction of the site in the event that analytical data of samples collected at the site indicate that the concentration of chemicals of concern in surficial soil(s) exceed reporting thresholds.