1.1本指南为船东和运营商在客户机/服务器架构中选择和实施计算机服务的船队管理系统（FMS）网络提供了概述和指南（见图1）。FMS基于广域企业网络，由数量不确定的船上信息技术平台（SITP）和一个或多个海岸陆基信息技术平台（LITP）组成，为航运企业提供管理服务。FMS可以理解为一个由一个或多个LITP和一个或多个SITP组成的计算机系统。它可以被描述为任务关键型24 × 365（24小时/天，365天/年）。 1.2 SITP（见图1）提供了一套软件服务，包括: 1.2.1 通信服务 ，通过多种无线通信技术在船舶之间以及与海岸之间进行通信； 1.2.2 数据采集服务 ，提供对船上系统数据的访问，以供其他系统和管理目的使用；和 1.2.3 行政服务 ，提供软件过程管理和控制。 1.2.4总的来说，SITP为多个船载计算机系统提供了相互共享数据的能力，并能够与岸上管理或其他船舶或两者进行通信。 1.3 SITP被理解为由集成硬件、软件、数据存储库和标准化程序组成，这些程序能够以通用模式从船上系统或管理公用设施或两者，以及从网络外的指定来源发送、接收、处理、传输和存储数字形式的数据或消息，例如，通过卫星、甚高频、高频等无线通信服务访问的系统。 船上系统包括导航、机械控制和监控、货物控制、通信等。SITP还将提供远程管理和维护船上相关计算机系统的能力。 1.4 SITP需要底层硬件和网络基础设施，包括船上计算机局域网（LAN）、文件服务器、工作站、无线通信收发器、电缆、其他电子和光学设备、视频显示单元、键盘等。 1.5 SITP还需要提供网络操作系统（NOS）服务、DBMS服务和其他系统软件的底层系统软件。 1.6还有一层船上应用系统，旨在利用FMS基础设施与岸上其他船上系统和管理共享数据。这些系统还可以利用FMS的远程管理能力。 1.7 LITP是一种资产，可以从单个船舶交换操作和管理数据，并维护DBMS，以支持船队管理和其他海事应用。LITP将支持数据存储库、文件服务器、工作站或个人计算机（PC）和通信中心，提供与分布式卫星服务、VHF（甚高频）、HF/MF（高频/中频）和地面线路的连接。 数据库管理系统使基于知识的开发成为可能 “ 决策辅助工具 ” 通过提供检索、处理和分析操作数据的能力。 1.8本指南并非旨在解决SITP的所有要求，SITP形成了直接控制船舶或船舶子系统的操作或状况的数据路径。 1.9在任何情况下，驻留在导航设备总线上的所有导航设备单元都应能够独立于FMS操作和显示基本操作数据。 1.10在任何情况下，驻留在控制、监测和报警总线上的所有装置都可以独立于FMS操作和显示基本操作数据。 1.11在任何情况下，驻留在通信总线上的所有装置都可以独立于FMS操作和显示基本操作数据。 1.12本指南中所示数值采用国际单位制。 1.13 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 胜任的信息管理对于安全生产运营和法规遵从性至关重要。受影响功能的简短列表包括导航、通信、船舶处理、机械控制、货物操作、维护和维修、人员记录和环境保护的决策辅助工具。 造船业和航运业已确定需要制定全面的标准和指南，以实施基于计算机的船舶数据管理系统。 FMS可包括单个或多个SITP和单个或多个LITP，并提供将船上和海岸计算机系统与多供应商连接、分布式处理和不兼容网络、计算机、工作站和外围设备之间的电子数据交换相集成的方法，并维护数据库，以促进海上生命安全，在船舶/船队的整个生命周期内保护环境和提高运营效率。FMS可将卫星网关纳入沿海通信枢纽，提供陆地通道- 基于网络，如电话线、传真、电子邮件和通过陆地地面站扩展的卫星服务。 SITP可以配置为向船舶控制中心提供访问本地控制中心的权限，例如货物操作，这些控制中心可能位于主甲板上。 本指南包含与FMS平台所有组件相关的规定，包括船舶地面站、与网络相连或构成网络一部分的子系统和管理系统的接口设备、通信服务以及船舶管理层直接控制下的某些陆基设施。 本指南旨在为船上和岸上计算机和通信网络的开放客户端/服务器架构的设计和实施提供指导- 基于应用程序。 本指南旨在帮助船主、设计师、造船厂、设备供应商和计算机服务提供商制定合同技术规范，其中详细说明了需要支持的服务、所需的性能和特定FMS安装的验收标准。

1.1 This guide provides an overview and guide for the selection and implementation by shipowners and operators of a Fleet Management System (FMS) network of computer services in a client/server architecture (see Fig. 1). The FMS is based upon a wide area enterprise network consisting of an unspecified number of Shipboard Information Technology Platforms (SITPs) and one or more shoreside Land-Based Information Technology Platforms (LITPs), which provides management services for the shipping enterprise. The FMS can be understood as a computer system comprised of one or more LITPs and one or more SITPs. It can be characterized as mission critical 24 × 365 (24 h/day, 365 days/year). 1.2 The SITP (see Fig. 1) provides a set of software services, including: 1.2.1 Communications Services , to communicate between vessels and with shore via multiple wireless communication technologies; 1.2.2 Data Acquisition Services , providing access to shipboard system data as required for use by other systems and management purposes; and, 1.2.3 Executive Services , providing software process administration and control. 1.2.4 In total, the SITP provides the capability for multiple shipboard computer systems to share data with each other and to communicate with shore-based management or other vessels or both. 1.3 The SITP is understood to consist of integrated hardware, software, a data repository, and standardized procedures, which provide the ability to send, receive, process, transfer, and store data or messages in digital form in a common mode from shipboard systems or administrative utilities or both, and from designated sources outside the network, for example, systems accessed through wireless communication services, such as satellite, VHF, HF, and so forth. Shipboard systems include navigational, machinery control and monitoring, cargo control, communications, and so forth. The SITP also will provide the capability for the remote administration and maintenance of associated computer systems aboard the vessel. 1.4 The SITP requires an underlying hardware and network infrastructure, including a shipboard computer local area network (LAN), file servers, workstations, wireless communications transceivers, cabling, other electronic and optical devices, video display units, keyboards, and so forth. 1.5 The SITP also requires underlying system software providing network operating system (NOS) services, DBMS services, and other system software. 1.6 There also is a layer of shipboard application systems, which are designed to capitalize on the FMS infrastructure to share data with other shipboard systems and management ashore. Those systems also would be able to capitalize on the remote management capabilities of the FMS. 1.7 The LITP is an asset that can exchange operating and administrative data from individual ships and maintain a DBMS to support fleet management and other maritime applications. The LITP will support data repositories, file servers, workstations or personal computers (PCs), and a communication hub providing connectivity to distributed satellite services, VHF (very high frequency), HF/MF (high frequency/medium frequency), and land lines. The DBMS makes possible the development of knowledge-based “ decision aids ” by providing the ability to retrieve, process, and analyze operational data. 1.8 This guide does not purport to address all the requirements for a SITP, which forms a path for data for direct control of the operation or condition of the vessel or the vessel subsystems. 1.9 In all cases, it shall be possible for all units of navigation equipment resident on the Navigation Equipment Bus to operate and display essential operating data independently of the FMS. 1.10 In all cases, it shall be possible for all units resident on the Control, Monitoring, and Alarm Bus to operate and display essential operating data independently of the FMS. 1.11 In all cases, it shall be possible for all units resident on the Communications Bus to operate and display essential operating data independently of the FMS. 1.12 Values shown in this guide are in SI units. 1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== Competent information management is essential for safe and productive operation and regulatory compliance. A short list of the functions affected includes decision aids for navigation, communications, ship handling, machinery control, cargo operations, maintenance and repair, personnel records, and environmental protection. The shipbuilding and shipping industries have identified a need to develop comprehensive standards and guides for implementing computer-based shipboard data management systems. The FMS may include single or multiple SITPs and single or multiple LITPs and provides the means to integrate shipboard and shoreside computer systems with multivendor connectivity, distributed processing, and electronic data interchange between noncompatible networks, computers, workstations, and peripherals and maintain databases, which promote safety of life at sea, protection of the environment, and operational efficiencies throughout the life cycle of the vessel/fleet. The FMS may incorporate satellite gateways to coastal communication hubs providing access to land-based networks, such as telephone lines, facsimile, e-mail, and expanded satellite services through land earth stations. The SITP can be configured to provide the ship’control center with access to local control centers, such as for cargo operations, which may be located on the main deck. This guide has provisions relevant to all components of the FMS platform including the ship earth station, interface devices for subsystems and administrative systems connected to or forming part of the network, communication services, and certain land-based facilities under the direct control of the ship’management. It is the intent of this guide to provide guidelines for the design and implementation of open client/server architecture for computer and communication networks for shipboard and shore-based applications. This guide is intended to assist vessel owners, designers, shipyards, equipment suppliers, and computer service providers in the development of contract technical specifications, which detail the services to be supported, performance required, and criteria for acceptance for specific FMS installations.