1.1这些测试方法适用于测试大型装运箱和单位负载的完整性，以及内容物承受正常搬运的能力。并非所有方法都适用于所有产品、容器和货物。所述试验方法适用于常见的材料搬运方式，包括:叉车、拉杆箱、夹钳车、起重机和铲式搬运系统，如下所示: 1.1.1跌落试验-用于测量箱子或组合负载承受粗暴搬运的能力，并提供有助于改进容器设计的信息（见9）。 1.2和10.1）。 1.1.2铲式提升试验-通过铲式提升附件进行提升，以确定箱子或装运装置的搬运活门承受该方法重复提升和搬运的能力（见9.2）。 1.1.3夹具提升试验-用于通过液压夹具附件进行提升，以确定箱子或装运装置承受由重复侧面压缩和提升组成的挤压夹具搬运的能力（见9.3）。 1.1.4推拉搬运试验-测试滑板片承受夹爪重复拉力而不撕裂的能力（见9）。 4). 1.1.5抓钩试验-通过抓钩进行提升，以确定箱子或单位负载承受抓钩水平压力的能力（见10.2）。 1.1.6吊索试验-用于通过钢丝绳、电缆或编织纤维吊索进行起吊，以确定箱子或组合负载承受吊索压缩的能力（见10.3）。 1.1.7倾翻试验-用于确定高或顶重箱子或板条箱抵抗倾翻的能力（见第11节）。 1.1.8倾翻试验-用于确定装满的大型船运集装箱抵抗倾翻危险相关影响的能力，以及确定包装和包装方法在翻转包装时为内容物提供保护的能力（见第12节）。 注1:本试验方法符合国际标准化组织标准ISO 8768的要求。ISO标准可能不符合本试验方法的要求。> 1.1.9滚动试验-用于确定完整的填充运输包装承受滚动影响的能力（见第13节）。 注2:本试验方法符合国际标准化组织标准ISO 2876的要求。ISO标准可能不符合本试验方法的要求。> 1.2附加试验程序: 1.2.1适用于单元负载和大型箱子和板条箱机械搬运的附加试验包括倾斜冲击试验，如试验方法所述 D880 和水平冲击试验，如试验方法D4003所述。试验方法 D4003 包括特殊托盘编组测试和测试方法 D1185 提供托盘和相关结构的测试方法。 1.2.2试验方法 D4169 提供了一系列选项，用于在所有类型的船运集装箱和系统上选择和运行性能测试。 1.3本标准无意解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性

1.1 These test methods are suitable for testing the integrity of large shipping cases and unitized loads as well as the ability of the contents to endure normal handling. Not all of the methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads. The test methods described are applicable to common means of material handling including: forklift, pull pack, clamp truck, crane, and spade lift type handling systems as follows: 1.1.1 Drop Test -For measuring the ability of the case or unitized load to withstand rough handling and provide information useful in improving the design of the container (see 9.1.2 and 10.1). 1.1.2 Spade Lift Test -For lifting by spade lift attachment to determine the ability of the handling flap of the case or shipping unit to withstand repeated lifting and handling by this method (see 9.2). 1.1.3 Clamp Lift Test -For lifting by hydraulic clamp attachment, to determine the ability of the case or shipping unit, to withstand squeeze clamp handling consisting of repeated side compressions and lifting (see 9.3). 1.1.4 Push-Pull Handling Test -For testing the ability of the slip sheet tab to withstand repeated pulls by the gripper jaws without tearing (see 9.4). 1.1.5 Grabhook Test -For lifting by grabhooks to determine the ability of the case or unitized load to withstand the horizontal pressures of grabhooks (see 10.2). 1.1.6 Sling Test -For lifting by wire rope, cable, or woven fiber slings to determine the ability of the case or unitized load to withstand the compression of slings (see 10.3). 1.1.7 Tip Test -For determining the ability of tall or top heavy cases or crates to resist tipping over (see Section 11). 1.1.8 Tipover Test -For determining the ability of filled large shipping containers to resist the impacts associated with tipover hazards, and for determining the ability of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to the contents, when the pack is tipped over (see Section 12). Note 1-This test method fulfills the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standard ISO 8768. The ISO standard may not meet the requirements for this test method.> 1.1.9 Rolling Test -For determining the ability of a complete, filled transport package to withstand the effects of rolling (see Section 13). Note 2-This test method fulfills the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standard ISO 2876. The ISO standard may not meet the requirements for this test method.> 1.2 Additional Test Procedures: 1.2.1 Additional tests that apply to mechanical handling of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880 and horizontal impact tests, described in Test Method D4003. Test Method D4003 includes a special pallet marshalling test and Test Method D1185 provides test methods for pallets and related structures. 1.2.2 Test Method D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>