1.1 本规范涵盖了开展实验室间项目以开发精密度（可测定性、重复性和再现性）和偏倚（绝对和相对）估计值的必要准备和计划，并进一步介绍了将此类信息纳入标准测试方法的标准措辞。 1.2 这种做法通常仅限于通常不会出现严重取样问题（如异质性或不稳定性）的均质石油产品、液体燃料和润滑剂。 1.3 这种做法可能不适用于如中所述存在抽样问题的产品 1.2 固体或半固体产品，如石油焦、工业沥青、石蜡、润滑脂或固体润滑剂，当物质的不均匀性质造成取样问题时。在这种情况下，请咨询训练有素的统计学家。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ======意义和用途====== 5.1 ASTM测试方法通常用于根据规范制造、销售和购买材料，因此应提供这样的精确度，即当由合格的操作员正确执行测试时，结果将足以判断材料是否符合规范。ASTM测试方法中要求有关于精密度和偏差的声明。然后，这些让用户了解所得数据的精度及其与可接受的参考材料或来源（如果可用）的关系。为了在处理任何系列样品时提供检测质量显著下降的早期预警，有时需要作为测试方法程序的一部分来解决可测定性的陈述。 5.2 每个委员会D02检测方法的精密度部分定义了重复性和再现性。可测定性定义见上文第节 3 三种精度度量之间的关系可以根据它们不同的变化来源制成表格（见 表1 ). 5.2.1 使用时，可确定性是程序部分的强制性部分。它将允许操作员检查他们的技术是否符合指定的操作顺序。它还确保基于该组确定值的结果不会受到来自该源的过度可变性的影响。 5.3 偏倚陈述提供了一组测试结果和一组相关的可接受参考值之间关系的指南。当测试方法的偏差已知时，可以在测试方法中引入补偿调整。 5.4 本规范旨在供D02小组委员会在确定D02试验方法中使用的精密度估计值和偏倚声明时使用。其程序符合ISO 4259，是委员会D02计算机软件的基础， 精密度数据的计算:石油试验方法 本实践的使用取代了研究报告RR:D02-1007的使用。 5.5 许多委员会都编写了精度计算的标准实践，重点是其特定的产品领域。统计委员会E11制定的一项是《实践》 E691 .实践 E691 这种做法与中概述的不同 表2 . 5.6 对于已知在运输或储存过程中会随时间变化的性质，通过将样品运送到不同实验室获得的再现性也将包括运输和储存过程中发生的性质变化。因此，仅通过测试不可能获得再现性。如果仅由于测试而希望估计来自不同实验室的不同操作员在公共地点使用不同仪器获得的结果的精度，并且已知该特性在公共地点的测试期间相当稳定，则本实践的方法可以允许来自参与实验室的不同操作员在公共地点使用不同仪器。统计分析不受影响，因为由此获得的结果可以被视为来自不同实验室的结果。因此，为了精确计算，每个独特的操作员/设备组合被视为实验室。然而，由此获得的再现性值的解释不应被解释为本实施例中定义的再现性，因为测试数据是在不满足本实施例中定义的所有再现性条件要求的条件下收集的。在这种情况下，收集精度数据的条件是实践中定义的“中间精度条件”的形式 E177 因此，在这种情况下，精密度声明应说明该值应解释为不同实验室的不同操作员在同一测试地点使用不同仪器对相同测试材料在短时间内获得的两个单独且独立的结果之间的差异时间（ 附注3 ）在测试方法的正常和正确操作中，大约5%的时间（从长远来看，每20个案例中就有一个案例）会超过该精密度，并以与获得测试数据的方式一致的方式标记该精密度。无论该精密度在检测方法的精密度部分中如何标注，建议在精密度声明中包含将其指定为中间精密度形式的声明。 附注3: 短时间间隔基于在共同研究中心进行的单一研究中心研究。

1.1 This practice covers the necessary preparations and planning for the conduct of interlaboratory programs for the development of estimates of precision (determinability, repeatability, and reproducibility) and of bias (absolute and relative), and further presents the standard phraseology for incorporating such information into standard test methods. 1.2 This practice is generally limited to homogeneous petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants with which serious sampling problems (such as heterogeneity or instability) do not normally arise. 1.3 This practice may not be suitable for products with sampling problems as described in 1.2 , solid or semisolid products such as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin waxes, greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous properties of the substances create sampling problems. In such instances, consult a trained statistician. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 ASTM test methods are frequently intended for use in the manufacture, selling, and buying of materials in accordance with specifications and therefore should provide such precision that when the test is properly performed by a competent operator, the results will be found satisfactory for judging the compliance of the material with the specification. Statements addressing precision and bias are required in ASTM test methods. These then give the user an idea of the precision of the resulting data and its relationship to an accepted reference material or source (if available). Statements addressing determinability are sometimes required as part of the test method procedure in order to provide early warning of a significant degradation of testing quality while processing any series of samples. 5.2 Repeatability and reproducibility are defined in the precision section of every Committee D02 test method. Determinability is defined above in Section 3 . The relationship among the three measures of precision can be tabulated in terms of their different sources of variation (see Table 1 ). 5.2.1 When used, determinability is a mandatory part of the Procedure section. It will allow operators to check their technique for the sequence of operations specified. It also ensures that a result based on the set of determined values is not subject to excessive variability from that source. 5.3 A bias statement furnishes guidelines on the relationship between a set of test results and a related set of accepted reference values. When the bias of a test method is known, a compensating adjustment can be incorporated in the test method. 5.4 This practice is intended for use by D02 subcommittees in determining precision estimates and bias statements to be used in D02 test methods. Its procedures correspond with ISO 4259 and are the basis for the Committee D02 computer software, Calculation of Precision Data: Petroleum Test Methods . The use of this practice replaces that of Research Report RR:D02-1007. 5.5 Standard practices for the calculation of precision have been written by many committees with emphasis on their particular product area. One developed by Committee E11 on Statistics is Practice E691 . Practice E691 and this practice differ as outlined in Table 2 . 5.6 For properties that are known to change over transport or storage over time, or both, reproducibility obtained by shipping samples to different laboratories will also include property changes incurred over shipping and storage. Therefore, it is not possible to obtain reproducibility due to testing only. The methodology of this practice may allow for the use of different apparatus by different operators from the participating laboratories at a common site if it is desired to estimate the precision of results obtained by different operators from different laboratories using different instruments at a common site due to testing only, and, it is known that the property is reasonably stable over the testing period at the common site. The statistical analysis is not affected since results thus obtained can be treated as results from different laboratories. Therefore, for the precision calculation, each unique operator/apparatus combination is treated as a laboratory. However, the interpretation of the reproducibility value thus obtained should not be interpreted as reproducibility as defined in this practice since the test data is collected under conditions that do not meet all of the reproducibility condition requirements as defined in this practice. The conditions under which the precision data is collected in this case is a form of “intermediate precision conditions” as defined in Practice E177 . Therefore, the precision statement shall, in this case, state that this value is to be interpreted as the difference between two single and independent results obtained by different operators from different laboratories using different instruments at a common test site on identical test material within short intervals of time ( Note 3 ) that would be exceeded about 5 % of the time (one case in 20 in the long run) in the normal and correct operation of the test method, and label this precision in a manner consistent with how the test data is obtained. Regardless as to how this precision is labeled in the precision section of the test method, it is recommended that a statement designating it as a form of intermediate precision is included with the precision statement. Note 3: The short interval of time is based on the single site study conducted at the common site.