1.1 本试验方法包括使用推杆膨胀计测定刚性固体材料的线性热膨胀。该方法适用于任何实际温度范围，在该温度范围内，装置可满足本标准中规定的性能要求。 注1: 最初，该方法是为在-180℃温度范围内工作的玻璃石英膨胀计开发的 °C至900 °C。这些概念和原理已在文献中充分记录，同样适用于在较高温度下操作。据信，这些系统的精度和偏差与高达900 °C。然而，由于缺乏井，它们的精度和偏差尚未在相关的总温度范围内确定- 表征的参考材料和实验室间比较的需要。 1.2 为此，刚性固体被定义为在测试温度和仪器施加的应力下，具有可忽略的蠕变或弹性应变率，或两者兼而有之的材料，因此不会显著影响热长度变化测量的精度。例如，这包括金属、陶瓷、耐火材料、玻璃、岩石和矿物、石墨、塑料、水泥、固化砂浆、木材和各种复合材料。 1.3 该对比试验方法的精度高于其他推杆膨胀测量技术（例如，试验方法 第696页 )和热机械分析（例如，试验方法 E831型 )但明显低于干涉测量等绝对方法（例如，测试方法 1989年 ). 它通常适用于绝对线性膨胀系数超过0.5μm/（m·°C）1000 当采用特殊预防措施以确保试样产生的膨胀在测量系统的能力范围内时，在特殊情况下，可使用低膨胀材料。在这种情况下，发现足够长的样本符合规范。 1.4 单位- 以国际单位制表示的值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他测量单位。 1.5 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 线性热膨胀系数是设计目的所必需的，例如，用于确定结构的尺寸行为，该结构受到温度变化或热应力的影响，当其受到温度漂移时，热应力可能发生并导致由不同材料组成的固体伪影失效。 5.2 该试验方法是测定固体材料线性热膨胀的可靠方法。 5.3 为了准确测定热膨胀，绝对有必要使用具有已知和可重复热膨胀的参考材料校准膨胀计。本附录包含当前通用参考材料的相关信息。 5.4 热膨胀的测量涉及两个参数:长度变化和温度变化，这两个参数同样重要。忽视正确和准确的温度测量将不可避免地导致最终数据的不确定性增加。 5.5 测试方法可用于研究、开发、规范验收、质量控制（QC）和质量保证（QA）。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear thermal expansion of rigid solid materials using push-rod dilatometers. This method is applicable over any practical temperature range where a device can be constructed to satisfy the performance requirements set forth in this standard. Note 1: Initially, this method was developed for vitreous silica dilatometers operating over a temperature range of –180 °C to 900 °C. The concepts and principles have been amply documented in the literature to be equally applicable for operating at higher temperatures. The precision and bias of these systems is believed to be of the same order as that for silica systems up to 900 °C. However, their precision and bias have not yet been established over the relevant total range of temperature due to the lack of well-characterized reference materials and the need for interlaboratory comparisons. 1.2 For this purpose, a rigid solid is defined as a material that, at test temperature and under the stresses imposed by instrumentation, has a negligible creep or elastic strain rate, or both, thus insignificantly affecting the precision of thermal-length change measurements. This includes, as examples, metals, ceramics, refractories, glasses, rocks and minerals, graphites, plastics, cements, cured mortars, woods, and a variety of composites. 1.3 The precision of this comparative test method is higher than that of other push-rod dilatometry techniques (for example, Test Method D696 ) and thermomechanical analysis (for example, Test Method E831 ) but is significantly lower than that of absolute methods such as interferometry (for example, Test Method E289 ). It is generally applicable to materials having absolute linear expansion coefficients exceeding 0.5 μm/(m·°C) for a 1000 °C range, and under special circumstances can be used for lower expansion materials when special precautions are used to ensure that the produced expansion of the specimen falls within the capabilities of the measuring system. In such cases, a sufficiently long specimen was found to meet the specification. 1.4 Units— The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are required for design purposes and are used, for example, to determine dimensional behavior of structures subject to temperature changes, or thermal stresses that can occur and cause failure of a solid artifact composed of different materials when it is subjected to a temperature excursion. 5.2 This test method is a reliable method of determining the linear thermal expansion of solid materials. 5.3 For accurate determinations of thermal expansion, it is absolutely necessary that the dilatometer be calibrated by using a reference material that has a known and reproducible thermal expansion. The appendix contains information relating to reference materials in current general use. 5.4 The measurement of thermal expansion involves two parameters: change of length and change of temperature, both of them equally important. Neglecting proper and accurate temperature measurement will inevitably result in increased uncertainties in the final data. 5.5 The test method can be used for research, development, specification acceptance, quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA).